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Shameful Parenting

An inmate at Mule Creek State Prison once gave me his perspective on the criminal justice system: "You take a dog, lock it in a tiny cage, then kick it every morning. After five years of this you reach down to let the dog out, and you're surprised when it bites your hand."

This reminds me of some parenting I've seen—moms and dads who yell at their naughty teen and publicly ridicule her, and then are surprised when she continues to act out.

John Braithwaite 2006 winner of the Stockholm Prize in Criminology, studies the kinds of shame that work, and the kinds that don't. I'd like to share a few of his ideas. Braithwaite distinguishes between two kinds of shame:
  • Stigmatic shaming: Punishments that destroy the bonds between the offender and the community. This is what judges are doing when they make an offender post a sign saying, "a violent felon lives here," or a bumper sticker saying "I am a drunk driver."
  • Re-integrative shaming: These are punishments that give the offender the opportunity to rejoin the community as a law-abiding citizen. The offender is required to express remorse, apologize to the victim, and repair the harm done by the crime.
The concern Braithwaite has with stigmatic shaming is that it sets the offender apart as an outcast for life. Creating an outcast group only works if you have a prison colony where you can send them indefinitely.

On the other hand, re-integrative shaming is designed to let the offender earn back the community's trust, and then live again within the community. Eventually every offender does end up back in the community, so perhaps we should focus more on this re-integrative approach.

Braithwaite has tested his ideas with hundreds of drunk drivers, shoplifters, and car thieves—mostly young offenders—and the results are very promising.
  • Look for ways to let your rebellious teen express remorse and repair the damage they've done.
  • Ask them to describe what they've done from the victim's perspective.
  • Have them describe how they think the victim must have felt.
  • Then ask them to work with the victim and you, the judge, to determine the best way to repair the damage.
  • As you go through this process work hard to avoid labeling your child as "bad." It was bad behavior with bad results, but keep faith with your child's potential.
  • After your teen has repaired the damage, make it clear that he/she has earned his/her way back into your trust.
I'm a strong believer in holding people accountable, and I believe we need to be willing to impose consequences when necessary. I especially worry about children who've never been held accountable for their actions. These aren't fun kids to be around. But forms of discipline that stigmatize and separate lose sight of the purpose. The goal is to bring about good behavior and to bring the person back into the fold. Whaddaya think?


Re: Shameful Parenting

I agree: bring them back into the fold.  Or it seems that the teen is lost to you... maybe forever.

I have a teen who was caught viewing porn in the internet.  Through anger, I said some uncool things to my son. 

The next day, in a calmer state, I dealt with the issues - I shared my views regarding why choosing to view porn is a mistake, disrespectful, and harmful; it's not allowed in my home; provided consequences; and I apologized for my outburst .  However, he was unwilling to be an active participant in dealing with the dysfunction; he didn't feel safe. 

Today, the third day, there is more to be done.  I hope that by showing my vulnerabilty yesterday, my teen will accept some responsibility.  I will point out to him that I think he is a good kid; I love him; and I still want him around.

Re: Shameful Parenting

I fully endorse the process but have a "challenge" with the timing of this one step:

After your teen has repaired the damage, make it clear that he/she has earned his/her way back into your trust.

It takes far longer to rebuild real trust than it does repair a broken window, remove grafitti, return/replace a stolen piece of property. I don't believe it is easily done in one single act, but rather incrementally - over time. I really believe the expectation of your trust being immediately "restored" is a false expectation to present to anyone.

Re: Shameful Parenting

Even teenagers can learn a new thing or two.  Making mistakes and learning how to correct them is part of the growing up process.  As a parent, I view the opportunity to help my teen learn from a mistake as an investment in their future, which with a little luck, should stretch out well beyond my lifetime.  

As a parent, I'm learning through this process as well. I've learned that my teen may have based their behavior on incorrect assumptions that I may be able to help clarify (such as 'all one needs to get into college is money and grades don't count').  I'm also reminded that often teens are self-focused ,and our challenge is to help them understand (and care) how their behavior impacts others. Just repairing the window only fixed the window.... not any of the other impacts...

Over the years, my strategy has been to have consequences that are significant enough to remember (and thus create change), fair (often engaging my teen in this discussion), and a bit novel. As the child matures, I've changed the type and form of consequences to make them more meaningful.  I'm thankful that the simple threat of wearing a clown suit to school and shadowing my teen everywhere they went for weeks never came to fruition... although wearing a wild colorful wig and butting into every conversation could have been a bit fun.  Finally, I've learned to respect my teen, not only for the challenges that he is conquering, but for the honorable man he is becoming. 

 

Re: Shameful Parenting

My first reaction to the return of trust was similar to yours.  After contemplating the scenario I realized I had no background about the teen.  Is this a first offense?  Are there other circumstances to take into consideration?

So why, if I did not know the answers to those questions, did I react.  It took me all of two seconds to realize I was not reacting to the teen but reacting to my experiences with others and how those relationships influenced me in a negative manner.  I want my influence to be positive.

Thanks for your comment.  It helped me realize I was judging others based on my past experiences and not on them.  sh

Re: Shameful Parenting

I'm not sure I would want repeat sex offenders in the Re-integrative shaming category.  There are times when Stigmatic shaming is an appropriate action.

Re: Shameful Parenting

By the time they are in their teens it is a little late to start trying to change their views and behaviors.  It can be done but usually only through a significant emotional event that causes them to change their perspective view and actions.  Telling a teen age boy that viewing women as sexual objects is probably going to fall on deaf ears.  However, having them view it from the eyes of the parent, sister, girl friend, might help them realize the behavior is less than positive.  While you are at it have a talk about masturbation and see if that works for you too! 

 

Re: Shameful Parenting

Stigmatic shaming and Re-Integrative shaming are not new concepts  and are both being used by the parents and legal systems throughout this country.  While sometimes both effective neither work 100% of the time.   As a parent we used re-integrative shaming when our kids did something ignorant or even sometimes when they did something stupid.    When the person understands their actions are wrong and do them anyway then re-integrative shaming no longer works.   Other stronger means are necessary to keep the person from repeating the wrongful behavior or actions.  Conditioned responses work after a few times because the person receiving the message decides the punishment is not worth doing the activity that was wrong, unethical, immoral, or a crime.   When a child is young they learn things cognitively through several input channels and no single approach to modify behavior will work for all things.  Unfortunately, there are no silver bullets when raising a child from an infant to an adult.  Corporal punishment (a spanking on the bottom, not a beating) happens sometimes to give the child a significant emotional event to prevent bad behavior in the future.  Some kids react to this conditioned response and others don’t.   The idea is to find the “hot button” for each kid at that moment in time which will make them think about the wrong behavior and adjust their behavior actions to positive behaviors only.   Molding behaviors for children is not an easy task but when the child is ignored, never told behaviors are wrong, never learns right from wrong then our society pays for the rest of their lives and any offspring they might have. Not everyone in prison was abused as a child.  Most of the felons do not react to Re-Integrative shaming as it no longer works for them.  Most of them have fractured that part of their lives when right and wrong meant something.   Conditioned response works only during the time there are inside the jail facility.  When they are released into a free society more than 50% of them do something stupid to return to jail.   Wonder why ?   Could it be because they enjoy being inside a jail ?  I doubt that but this is the same argument being used to define influence.  Not everything works 100% of the time.  However, we should have more than just spanking, raising our voice, taking away privileges, or a jail cell as possibilities for changing wrong behaviors too. 

Re: Shameful Parenting

The inmates comment, in the first paragraph, to me, seems like another typical loser refusing to take any responsibility for his/her actions.  In America, EVERYONE gets food, shelter, and clothing.  And EVERYONE is offered a job and an education, if you want to put in a little work.

In reference to his comment... if a dog is given everything he needs, and is offered everything he could want with a little bit of work, he will be a friendly, caring, helpful member of the family and accepted by the community, there would be no reason to put him in a tiny cage, and no reason to kick him.  A good dog would rarely be put in this situation and, therefore, wouldn't bite.

If the dog is simply a violent, stupid, selfish animal that attacks even after given everything it needs..... it is simply a "bad" dog.  And you are correct, caging or tying him up will only make him meaner.  Most dogs that have chosen to be vicious in spite of the opportunities offered.... are NOT kept in a pound for twenty years..... they are put to sleep.  

If  you are in a cage, and being kicked everyday.... You've done something to deserve it.  You weren't put in there as a baby without the opportunity to make choices.  You chose to be useless.  I've already mentioned what is, and should be, done to a useless dog. 

 

 

Re: Shameful Parenting

I had two children, a girl and then a boy who are now in their twenties and I do not have a problem with either of them, that is they do not smoke, take illegal substances or drink too excess (not that I know about). They have stable jobs and stable relationships.

Their father and I separated when they were 5 and 2 1/2, the years my son was 7 and 8 were the hardest for me. Fortunately their father was always prepared to be a parent, because I would loose control of my son regardless of what I tried. I might add that  I was not very skilled at parenting. Their father never hit our son, he would just get on the phone and say to him that he was to do what I said and he would talk with him further when he saw him next. He did what his father said every time. I fully believe that if I had not had his father's  help when my son was 7 and 8 years of age I would have lost control of him then. After that he was fine and did do what I had asked of him. It was the ages of 7 and 8 that were the hardest with him. My daughter was very different and therefore not relevant to this conversation.

I can understand what the the prisoner is saying, because I work in the area of mental health and understand that his comments come from his own experience. My experience has taught me that you need to respect your child and then they will learn respect for you, because by their teenage years they are already in the mode that you have taught them to be in.

Re: Shameful Parenting

What a nice group of comments! First, I'd like to apologize for the "Shameful Parenting" title. It wasn't what I meant to convey. I really just wanted to introduce the two forms of shaming and raise the discussion about when to use one or the other. Most parents use a mix of the two--and there's nothing shameful about that.

A few responses to individual's comments:

1. Several of you discussed the idea of finding consequences that produce significant emotional events. I agree, but not just any emotional impact will work. Some will backfire--causing hate, revulsion, etc--not what you want as a parent. I think the goal is to create a "conversion," to cause the person to see his/her behavior in a whole new way--in a new way that has moral significance to him or her. While this use of significan emotional events can work, it isn't the only way to create new values. Our chapter on Source 1 strategies for changing personal motivation highlights several alternatives.

2. Some of you point out that there are some populations that you don't think can be reformed. You may be correct, but think about the challenge this places on the criminal justice system. These people are going to be released--refomed or not. Even if we don't like these people, it is worth investing in finding ways to reform them. It's a question of our own safety.

3. There is a theme running through some of the responses that raises the question about whether teenagers or hardened criminals are "too old" or "too set in their ways" to change. This is a question of fact--and I think I can say that the saying, "old dogs can't learn new tricks" is untrue--even for dogs. The hallmark of being a human is our flexibility and ability to adapt.

4. Final note: some of the responses include pretty harsh conclusions about others. Some of these qualify  as  "villain stories". While these conclusions may contain a lot of truth, I suspect they may also overstate the situation. The danger is that these villain stories could prevent us from using our best influence strategies to deal with these tough situations. I'd challenge you to look for exceptions in your harshest conclusions.

Thanks for all the input. These are fun ideas to explore.

David

Re: Shameful Parenting

Cool!

Re: Shameful Parenting

I am approximately three-quarters through your book and and as a teacher with ten years of experience, I was rather elated to note that, in our profession, we use (rightly or wrongly) the influence strategies you and your co-authors have outlined every day .Having studied the works of Bandura, Piaget, Pavlov and other behaviorists and developmentalists, I am also interested in how the biology and mechanics of behaviour and learning come to play via current brain research. There are definate connections between and among these disciplines and as such I have implemented these ideas into my teaching practice, which is in a constant dynamic state.

Teachers as a whole often "sell ourselves short" on the skill sets we develop and the influence we have amongst our students, our collegues and the parent community. Apart from being influencers, we are also enablers to our stakeholders, where at times we are called upon to be much more than "just teachers" (the list is very extensive of the other roles we have).

 I am also rather saddened to realize that our skills are often not recognized to be of value in the job market outside of the teaching field. Personal bias of course blatant, I find this to be an erroneous mistake on the part of businesses and companies. Continuing my joy in being a life-long learner, I wish to take a break from classroom teaching to learn about and offer my perspectives and skills in another field, most notably, in business areas such as HR, recruiting and the like. This will prove to be a challenging task to make a career change;however, I have never been one to give up easily.

This brings me to a true story that I once heard where a high-ranking official was complaining that teachers are whiners who get too many holidays and who have no skill-set. To him ,"those who can't, teach" was his motto. He was then cordially invited as a guest to a lower-elementary grade classroom and was kindly asked to have the students line up at the door. You can imagine the chaos that insued. From that point forward, he vehemently retracted his earlier statements and became a full supporter of increasing teacher wages and was vocal about how valuable teachers are in society and the inflence they can have.

Thank you for writing this book!

 


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